段落排序题应对招数
2005年伊始,考研英语阅读理解part B部分“洗心革面”,由原来的翻译改为了“新题型”。
说到新,一方面是期待,另一方面是“怕怕”,而对于考试更多的是“怕怕”。
而新题型包括选择搭配题、观点例证题、标题选择题、段落排序题四种题型。前三种题型在2005、2006、2007、2008年都露了脸,唯有段落排序题“千呼万唤不出来”。
此题型乃新题型,但它是新题型中最难的题型之一。A\B\C\D\E一个放错了地方,另一个连带错误,“满盘皆输”的可能性大大存在。
耗子怕老鼠,妖怪怕悟空,只要掌握正确的应对“招数”,将之擒下也不在话下。下面结合样题,列出应对招数。
The follow paragraphs are given in a wrong order .For Questions 41~45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list [A]~[G] to fill in each numbered box .The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
[A]“I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact ,we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't—it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.
[B]“Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
[C]“I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
[D]“Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court.But good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.
[E]“The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect.Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
[F]“ So I just don't know what to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.
[G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
(一)应对招数
应对招数一
精读题目已经¬给出的首尾段落,推测所要选填内容谈论的中心。
由于排序题要求逻辑严密,一般来说,选填内容的5个段落逻辑¬性较强,所谈论内容的中心单一,一旦通过首尾句判定出选填内容的中心,那么在下一步的通读选项中就会有意识的确定每个选项内容和中心的关系,方便下一步对题目的正确解答。
应对招数二
通读选项,了解每个选项内容,确认选填部分内容明确的中心并勾»¬出每个段落中的特征词(特征词分析见第一节选择填空内容),根据特征词排定大概顺序。
应对招数三
再次精读题目已给出的首段内容,根据其内容和结合西方语言习惯确定41号空选填内容。
一般来说,东方人的思维是螺旋型的,西方人则多为直线型。他们在论述一个观点或因果关系时,先直接拿出论点(虽然有时候会引用其他观点作为引出自己观点的铺垫,但对于自己陈述的主要观点部分还是按照先有论点后有论据的顺序进行篇章布局)或结果,然后再去引用论据或原¬因阐述,这个在历年真题的阅读文章中有较好的体现(本题中的C项和E项)。
41空的正确选填对于整个排序题至关重要,因为它一方面关系到考生答题状况(如果考生第一个空都难以作答,自然会感觉全身紧张,紧张直接影响考试发挥状态,这不是命题人所希望看到的),另一方面也给出后面选项的答题思路。这一空一般不难,而作为已¾¬给出的首段内容必然含41空的选填暗示,考生需要好好分析给出的第一段内容,从选项中找出与之可以承接的内容。
应对招数四
根据41空内容和文中关键词,以及选填内容的中心确定42。
应对招数五
结合文章中心,对剩余三个选项内容进行对比,确定45空的选填内容。
一般来说,在剩余的三个选项中,45空作为选填内容的结尾段落,其内容的确定比较容易,这也遵循¬由易到难逐个击破的答题策略。
应对招数六
对最后两项进行对比,通过选项内容或选项中的关键词来判定最后两项的排序。
总的来说,5个选项的一般难度分布为41空难度最小,其次为42空,再次之是45空,最难的就是43空和44空,但一旦前面叫容易的三个空解决掉了,后面的两个空也自然迎刃而解。
应对招数七
最后一步,文章补充完整之后,检查整个文章的逻辑¬关系是否合理。
(二)试题分析(技能应用)
1.文章给出的首段讲的是一个都市的市政府召开由市里各个管理部门人员参加的研讨会。研讨会讨论的一个话题是:如何激励公务员干好工作。接着谈到一位警长的困境成了大家讨论的焦点。
末段以引号引用的内容结尾,说到“尽管我已经摸索了很多年,但我还是不知道该怎么去做。我希望这次研讨会能给我一些启发,以便解决今后工作中的问题”。
从第一段“一位警长的困惑成为大家讨论的焦点”我们可以推测出上面引号内的内容应该是这位警长说的。由第一段结尾提出“警长的困惑成为大家讨论的焦点”到末段警长对遇到问题的总结(我已¾¬摸索了很多年,但我还是不知道该怎么去做)和对研讨会提出的期望(希望研讨会能给我一些启发,以便解决今后工作中的问题),我们可以大概推测出选填内容的话题应该是警长遇到的问题。
2 .通读选项,从选项内容和结尾段落都是用引号这一特征,我们可以判断出这些话应该都是警长对问题的陈述。再通读选项:
A 警长没有能力去激励他的下属把这个事情干好,并陈述了他不能干好的理由。
B 不能干好的理由:不能把晋升和做好文案联系在一起。
C 提出遇到的问题是有关跟他一起的警员,并对他的警员好的方面做了一个描述。
D 谈到别人给他解决这个问题的建议,并说明了该建议的不足。
E 明确他遇到的问题是:警员不能很好的完成文案工作。
由选项内容可知,选填内容的中心是关于警长不能督促警员如何做好文案工作的问题。特征词有“finally”、“a real problem”、“the problem”。由特征词可判定,B(finally)项应该比较靠后,基本是警长对自己遇到问题某方面的最后总结。“a real problem”、“the problem”应该都是指的文案工作这一问题,而The必然在a之后,故应该先有C后有E。
3.精读首段我们可以看出该段中心落在最后一句上“一位警长的困境成了大家讨论的焦点”,那么接下来的41空必然是谈到的问题,谈到问题的有C和E,而通过关键词我们已经¬得出E在C后,那么41空只能选C。
4.确定了41空后,我们再分析41空的内容,41空内容开始接触到问题,但没有明确出问题的内容,而是把涉及到问题的人物正面评价了一番。由常识可知,一般在对人的行为评价时先总是从正面开始,然后才会涉及到问题方面。41空提出了问题,也讲了正面评价,接下来应该谈到具体的问题了。上面我们已¾¬看到明确提出问题内容只有E,故42空选E。
5.还剩下3个选项,两个谈到的是他不能把这件事情的理由和一个是别人的建议。很自然我们一般是先谈自己,谈完了自己再谈别人,故最后一个空45题应该选D。
6.对最后两个选项内容进行对比,A、B都是谈到不能解决好的理由,从内容性质来说应该是并列关系,但B中有关键词“finally”说明应该先A后B,故43空选A,44空选B。
7.文章补充完整之后,检查整个文章的逻辑关系是否合理。
完整之后的文章的逻辑关系是
从上面逻辑关系,我们可以看到,整个文章结构合理,逻辑严谨。
小结:对于排序题,关键词、排选法和最后的检验尤为关键。
参考书目:《2009考研英语阅读理解技巧标准全书》
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